亚麻抗倒伏性状分析及培土对亚麻抗倒伏的影响

Lodging resistance in flax and the effect of ridge plowing on lodging resistance

对亚麻抗倒伏机理及抗倒伏栽培技术研究表明:(1)采用倒伏指数能较好地反映亚麻抗倒伏能力,用倒伏程度能客观准确地评价亚麻倒伏的实际情况。(2)亚麻的抗倒伏能力与一级分枝长、一级分枝角度、单茎鲜重、冠层鲜重、冠层附着水量、倒伏指数、单株分茎数、根系鲜重,根系干重等性状呈负相关。与茎粗、茎秆抗折力、茎秆干重等性状呈正相关。(3)与倒伏程度关系最密切的几个性状中,茎秆抗折力对倒伏程度的直接作用最大,其次为茎粗和单茎鲜重。(4)快速生长期至现蕾期培土,可降低植株重心高度,使倒伏程度降低9.12%,比不培土的单株平均产量高16.21%,粒重增加2.68%,果粒数增加9.24%,单位面积产量高14.67%,而且差异达显著或极显著水平,但经济系数、株高、纤维的工艺长度等性状无明显变化,培土措施对抗倒伏能力差的品种效果较好,而对抗倒伏能力强的品种作用较小。

Lodging-related characteristics of five flax varieties under ridge plowing and control condition were investigated to understand the lodging resistance mechanism. The result indicated that：（1）Lodging index could preferably reflect flax＇s lodging resistant ability,and could be used to judge flax＇s lodging actual complextion objectively and accurately;（2） Flax＇s lodging resistant ability had positive correlation with the length of primary branch,the angle of primary branch,fresh weight of canopy,fresh weight per plant,quantity of water adhered to canopy,lodging index,branches number per plant,fresh weight of root and dry weight of root,and it had negative correlation with diameter of stem and mechanical strength of stem;（3） Among those characteristics that significantly related to lodging-degree,mechanical strength of stem has a direct maximum effect on lodging-degree,followed by diameter of stem and fresh weight per plant;（4） Ridge plowing during the fast growth period and squaring period decreased the height of barycenter of plant,and it could decrease 9.12% of lodging-degree and could increase an average of 16.21% of single plant output,2.68% of grain weight,9.24% of grain quantity and 14.67% of unit area output.All these effects reached significant or highly significant level without notable change of economic coefficient,plant height and fibre length. Ridging plowing could be effective to those varieties with weak lodging resistant ability,but ineffective to the varieties with strong lodging resistant ability.