陕西商洛方言概述

Some Comments on Shangluo Dialects in Shaanxi Province

商洛人口根据移民来源的先后可分为两批,一批是本地人,主要分布在商州、丹凤、洛南等市县城市广大地区,讲此种语言的人主要是当地土著居民和明代移民至此较早的"大槐树人",他们以主户自居。另一批是第二次移民高潮来陕的人,他们的祖先于清初伴随着"湖广填陕南"的浪潮从江南和广东、福建沿海等地入陕定居,故被称作"客户人",其名称和"客家人"的叫法有异曲同工之妙。商洛的本地人还称"下湖话"为"蛮子""山蛮子""鬼蛮子",下湖人则称本地话为"瞎家伙话""爪子话""奤子话"。在相关方言材料和文献资料的基础上,对各种称谓的说法作出了相应地解释。

Population of Shangluo can be divided into two groups by their origin,the natives and the immigrants.Posed as the host,the native people distribute in the vast area including Shangzhou,Danfeng and Luonan.They are mostly local aboriginals or ＂Dahuaishu people＂ immigrated there early in the Ming Dynasty.The ancestors of the immigrants came from Southern Yangtze River and coastal areas such as Guangdong and Fujian in the early Qing Dynasty in the second immigrant wave;therefore,they are called ＂settler＂ resembling Hakka.The natives call the immigrants＇ Xiahu dialects as Manzi or hickory Manzi or sly Manzi,while the settlers call the natives＇ dialects ＂rogue dialects＂,＂Zhaozi dialects＂ or ＂Taizi dialects＂.By studying relevant references,some appellations of Shangluo dialects are explained.