殷周金文词汇研究综述

Review on the Research of Bronze Inscription in Yin and Zhou Dynasties

与殷周金文有关的词汇研究,可大体分为两类:一是对具体词语(特别是疑难词语、特有词语)的释读,这方面的工作,应该说从宋人就已经开始了,经清而近代现代,成果众多,但或作为研究历史、礼制等的佐证,或为铭文释读的具体目的服务,语言层面的专门研究还很有限;二是从语言角度对词汇进行的研究,或将殷周金文视为上古汉语词汇史的一个重要组成部分而展开全方位的研究,或侧重复音词的研究,或关注构词法问题,或侧重同类词同义词的类聚比较,或对某一个词进行深入的词义探索,或致力于与传世文献的对读比堪。角度不同,但对语料的挖掘已日益深入。这方面的研究起步虽晚,然成果已颇为可观,且未来的发展态势极佳。

The research on the words of in Yin and Zhou Dynasties could be sorted into two groups. One was explanation of single words （especially doubtful and endemic words） since Song Dynasty. And the results were abundant from Qing Dynasty to modem times; however, these textual researches were mostly restricted to historical study or inscription interpretation. The other was linguistic study of words. The inscriptions were regarded as an important component of ancient Chinese and received a comprehensive study. The studies mainly focused on five aspects： disyllabic words, word-building, thesaurus and synonyms, meaning analysis of a word, compar- ative reading with historical texts. Thus, from different angles, the materials had gradually been digested fuller. Though these resear- ches started later, the achievements were abundant and the future is promising.