痛极而笑 化痛为笑——评《第二十二条军规》与《等待戈多》中黑色幽默的警世意义

Laugh in Extreme Sorrow and Turn Sorrow into Laughter——The Warning Role of the Black Humor in Catch-22 and Waiting for Godot

《第二十二条军规》是美国后现代主义小说家约瑟夫.海勒的成名作,《等待戈多》是英国后现代主义剧作家塞缪尔.贝克特的成名作。在这两部著作中,海勒和贝克特都采用"黑色幽默"的创作手法,以诙谐讽刺的语调,深刻反映了人生的痛苦和世界的荒诞,探究了人类存在的意义。通过比较这两部作品的主题思想、人物形象和创作形式解读了文本中黑色幽默的后现代艺术创作手法,揭示了作品中黑色幽默所反映的西方后现代社会人孤独、焦虑和无助的心理,并阐述了黑色幽默的警世意义。这两位作家对当今世界所面临的社会心理问题的深刻洞察及对人类生存状况的关注和忧虑,对解决现代人精神领域出现的问题极具启示意义。

Catch - 22 is the masterpiece of Joseph Heller, a postmodernist American novelist while Waiting for Godot is the masterpiece of Samuel Beckett, a postmodernist English playwright. By adopting the artistic writing technique of black humor, the two writers disclose the pains of human life and the absurdity of the world in a humorous and ironic tone in these two works in order to explore the meaning of human existence. By comparing the theme, the characters and the writing strategy in the two works, this thesis interprets the postmodern artistic writing technique of black humor, discloses the social psychological reality in the postmodern Western society -- the loneliness, the anxiety and the helplessness of man and expounds the significance of black humor warning the world. The deep insights of the two writers into the social psychological problem in the modern world and their contern and anxiety about the current situations of human existence are a great inspiration to modern man＇s psychological problem.