二氯-双(N,N-二甲基-N-十四烷基)-2-羟基-1,3-丙二铵的合成与性能研究

Synthesis and study on properties of dichloro-bis(N,N-dimethyl N-tetradecyl)-2-hydroxy-1,3-propylenediamine

以十四烷基胺、1,3-二氯丙醇合成标题化合物。采用正交实验,研究了物料比、反应时间、反应温度对合成的影响,并对产品的一些理化性质进行评定。结果表明:合成双十四烷基季铵盐的最佳工艺条件为:以丙酮为溶剂,N,N-二甲基十四烷基叔胺与1,3-二氯丙醇的物料比为2.2:1,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为20h。DBHD在25℃下的表面张力为36.7mN/m,临界胶束浓度(CMC)为9.5×10-4mol/L和DTAB的相比具有较低的CMC;当DBHD浓度为80mg/L对异氧菌的杀菌时间为4h时达到最大值为96%,当杀菌时间为48h时杀菌率还保持85%,杀菌性能明显优于传统杀菌剂1227;DBHD在50℃的5%H2SO4+0.1mol/LNaCl溶液中投加量为100mg/L对A3钢片的缓蚀率达82%,所合成的DBHD是一种高效的酸洗缓蚀剂。

A new gemini surfactant named dichloro-bis（N,N-dimethyl-N-tetradecyl）-2-hydroxy-1,3-propylenediamine （DBHD） was prepared from tetradecylamine and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol.The structure of DBHD was investigated by means of IR and 1HNMR spectroscopies.The optimum reaction conditions were determined by orthogonal experimental tests.The effect of reaction time,ratio of raw materials,and reaction temperature on synthesis of DBHD was studied.Results showed that the optimal conditions for synthesis using acetone as solvent were：a reaction temperature of 60 ℃,a reaction time of 20 h and a ratio of n（dimethyl tetradecyl）：n（dichloro-2-propanol）=2.2：1.At 25 ℃ the interfacial tension of DBHD was 36.7 mN/m,while at the same time its CMC was 9.5×10^-4 mol/L,which was much lower than that of DTAB.DBHD had better bactericidal activity on heterotrophic bacteria than the traditional bactericide 1227.The sterilizing rate could exceed 80.0% when the contact time was 48 h.The bactericide efficiency of DBHD was up to 96% when its mass concentration was 80 mg/L and the contact time was 4 h.DBHD is a good inhibitor in H2SO4 solution,when the mass fraction of corrosion inhibitor was 100 mg/L,with its corrosion inhibition rate on mild steel equating to 82%.