亚热带山区草地农业系统分析——以贵州省晴隆县为例

An analysis on agro-grassland farming systems in subtropical mountainous areas:A case study in Qinglong County,Guizhou Province

中国西南岩溶山区面临环境和贫困的双重挑战,建立兼顾生态和民生需要的农业生产系统,是该地区可持续发展的关键。本研究以贵州省晴隆县为例,在实地调查的基础上,对作物生产系统、山羊生产系统及农牧结合系统这3种发展模式进行了比较和分析。农户生产系统的纯收入以农牧结合系统为最高,山羊生产系统次之,作物生产系统最低,说明实行草地农业系统有利于增加农民收入。退耕种草使昔日水土流失严重的坡耕地农田转变为多年生草地,提高了植被覆盖度,显著减少了化肥和农药用量,草地放牧利用促进养分返还土壤,从而降低水土流失及环境污染风险,生态效益显著。该县发展以多年生放牧草地为基础的山羊生产,加上服务中心在技术和市场销售上的支撑作用,为破解西南岩溶山区生态和贫困难题探索了一条可行的途径。

China＇s southwest Karst region is facing challenges from both environmental and poverty problems.Developing production systems that can improve the environmental health and people＇s livelihoods is central to sustainable development in the region.As a case study,three household production systems,namely crop system（CS）,goat system（GS） and mixed system（MS）,were compared and analyzed based on a survey in Qinglong County,Guizhou Province.MS had the highest net household income,followed by GS and then CS,indicating that a change towards agro-grassland farming could improve the livelihoods of the farmers.Changing the eroded sloping lands from crops to perennial pasture resulted in increased vegetation cover,reduced use of chemical fertilizers and zero use of pesticides,building up of soil fertility,and consequently an improvement in water and soil conservation and reduction in environmental pollution.The development of a goat production system in the county,based on cultivated pastures and supported by technical and market services from the Livestock Service Center,explored a promising solution to the environmental and poverty problems in the Karst region of southwest China.