司法审查:一种动态民主的机制

Judicial Review:A Dynamic Democratic System

从代议民主的角度看,司法审查和民主之间确实存在着矛盾,美国司法审查的几种理论路径不能解释清楚司法审查正当性的问题,伊利的程序主义理论回避司法审查合法性的实体问题即国会立法违背宪法的客观标准为何,宪法文本的不确定性使得司法审查的客观标准成为一个难题,但是如果从动态的民主参与方面看,对国会立法进行违宪审查的目的是建立一种动态的参与民主机制,在代议民主和大众之间建立沟通的桥梁,使民众的话语得到张扬,让民主运转起来,故美国确立司法审查的理论基础是动态的参与民主机制。

There exist contradictions between judicial review and democracy from the perspective of representative democracy. The relevant theories in judicial review in America can not clearly interpret its validity. Ely＇ s proceduralism theory tries to avoid the issue of the validity of judicial review. As a result, the uncertainty of constitution text in America makes judicial review lack of objective criteria. However, from the perspective of dynamic democratic participation, the goal of constitutional review of congress legislation is to establish a dynamic participation democratic mechanism, establish a communication bridge between representative democracy and the public and offer ways for the public to make speeches. Therefore, the theoretic base of judicial review in America is dynamic participation democratic mechanism.