全新世古洪水研究进展与趋势

Review on Holocene Paleoflood Research

综合分析了20世纪80年代以来全新世古洪水研究进展,着重对古洪水事件的判别、洪水事件对古文化发展的影响、古洪水事件对古气候环境事件的响应以及全新世古洪水研究方法等方面进行了综述,指出了近年来国内在全新世古洪水研究方面存在的主要问题,提出古洪水研究的主要趋势,包括在全球变化背景下研究古洪水水文学、多学科交叉方法的运用和各种环境代用指标的相互印证、高分辨率和定量研究、多区域对比研究等。

The aim of this paper is to summarize the results of research on Holocene paleoflood aspect in the past, and at the same time, to raise some problems which need to be further studied. From diverse studies of flood geomorphology and Quaternary geology, paleoflood hydrology emerged as a geophysical and applied hydrological science during the 1970s and 1980s. Since acquiring its formal name in 1982, the most productive approach in paleoflood hydrology has become energy-based inverse hydraulic modeling of discrete paleoflood events, recorded in appropriate settings as slackwater deposits and other paleostage indicators （SWD-PSI）, or as various threshold indicators of non-excedence. Technological advances, particularly in hydraulic modeling and geochronology, were instrumental in moving the discipline to its present status. The most recent advances in- clude： （1） new techniques for the accurate geochronology of flood sediments, notably TAMS radiocarbon analyses and OSL dating, and （2） the phenomenal increase in computer power that allows complex hydraulic calculations to become feasible for routine studies. The paleoflood in Holocene study afterwards would focus on the multi-proxy research, high-resolution study, quantitative study and also multi-crossed disciplines. Some new methods like GIS, RS, and modeling also should be applied in the study.