智商结构不平衡注意缺陷多动障碍儿童自我意识与家庭环境研究

Study on the family environment and children's self-consciousness of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children with imbalance intelligence structure

【目的】探讨智商结构不平衡注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童自我意识与家庭环境的特征。【方法】以操作智商(performance intelligence quotient,PIQ)大于言语智商(verbal intelli-gence quotient,VIQ)15为分组标准,将60例ADHD儿童分为操作智商占优组和智商结构平衡两组,每组30例,以30例正常儿童作为对照。采用儿童自我意识量表和家庭环境量表分别对儿童及家长进行测量。【结果】儿童自我意识评分结果表明,操作智商占优组在行为、智力与学校、合群三个分量表及总分方面显著低于智商平衡组(P<0.05)。各组家庭环境评分发现,操作智商占优组家庭亲密度低于智商平衡组(P<0.05),家庭矛盾性高于ADHD智商平衡组(P<0.05)。【结论】操作智商占优组儿童自我意识更低,家庭环境存在特征。

【Objective】 To explore the characteristics of family environment and children＇s self-consciousness in ADHD children with imbalance intelligence structure. 【Methods】 60 children with ADHD were classified according to intelligence structure into two groups,of which one was the higher PIQ（PIQ-VIQ〉15） group（n=30）,and the other was the intelligence balance group（n=30）,the normal control group（n=30） were selected from school.All subjects and their parents were evaluated with Children＇s Self-consciousness Scale and Family Environment Scale. 【Results】 The result of the Children＇s Self-consciousness Scale showed that there were significantly lower scores of behavior,intelligence and school,cooperation subscales in the higher PIQ group than the intelligence balance group（P〈0.05）.In the Family Environment Scale,the higher PIQ group had lower scores in intimacy orientation subscales while higher scores in conflict than those of the intelligence balance group（P〈0.05）. 【Conclusions】 The level of self-consciousness of the higher PIQ children with ADHD is significantly lower than the intelligence balance ADHD children,which have specific characteristics in their family environment.