汶川大地震液化宏观现象概述

Summary of liquefaction macrophenomena in Wenchuan Earthquake

2008年5月12日我国四川发生的8.0级汶川大地震是新中国成立以来破坏性最强、波及范围最大的一次地震,但关于这次地震液化问题目前认识尚少。通过专项考察工作,得到了此次地震液化地理分布及与地震烈度的关系,概述了此次地震液化的宏观现象,包括喷水冒砂、地面塌陷、地裂缝和震害等几个方面,并通过与唐山和海城地震液化情况对比,初步分析了本次地震液化的特点以及新现象。结果表明,此次地震液化分布广,液化宏观现象与以往几次大地震很不相同,出现了很多值得深入研究的新问题,Ⅵ区内液化、砾石层液化、高喷水头、地表喷出物类型多和液化伴随地裂缝而加重震害等是其中的代表。

On May 12,2008,a catastrophic earthquake of magnitude 8.0,the epicenter of which was located at Wenchuan,struck Sichuan Province,which is the most destructive earthquake in China since 1949.However,the liquefaction matters are hardly understood even until now.The liquefaction geographic distribution and the relationship between liquefaction behaviors and seismic intensity are presented,and the liquefaction macrophenomena including sandboils and watersprouts,ground subsidence,ground fissures are summarized.A brief summary of the structural damage caused by the liquefaction is also introduced.Comparing with the previous liquefaction phenomena in Tangshan Earthquake and Haicheng Earthquake,the preliminary analysis reveals new characteristics of the liquefaction behaviors and proposes new liquefaction matters worthy of further research.The liquefaction phenomena are quite different from the previous ones,and further investigation and analysis need to be conducted.The liquefaction in intensity Ⅵ,gravel soil liquefaction,high watersprouts,rich ejected soil types and liquefaction with fissures are the typical macrophenomena in the shock.