微波辐射合成单烷基磷酸酯

Synthesis of Mono-Alkyl Phosphate with Microwave Irradiation

以月桂醇与聚磷酸为原料,分别在常规加热和微波辐射加热条件下合成了阴离子表面活性剂单烷基磷酸酯。采用单因素分析方法,在月桂醇与聚磷酸的摩尔比为1∶4时,考察了反应条件对产物中单烷基磷酸酯含量的影响,并对两种加热方式下产物中单烷基磷酸酯含量差异较大的原因进行了探讨。实验结果表明,采用常规加热方式,在反应温度70℃、反应时间4h的优化条件下,产物中单烷基磷酸酯的平均摩尔分数为47.2%;采用微波辐射加热方式,在微波功率150W、反应时间10min的优化条件下,产物中单烷基磷酸酯的平均摩尔分数为71.0%。采用微波辐射加热方式,产物中单烷基磷酸酯含量提高的原因是原料与微波的耦合作用较强,致使微波的热效应和致热效应同时起作用。

Under conditions of conventional heating or microwave irradiation heating, mono-alkyl phosphate, which was used as anion surface active agent, was synthesized from lauryl alcohol and polyphosphoric acid. Effects of the reaction conditions on mono-alkyl phosphate content in the products was investigated through single factor analysis with mole ratio of lauryl alcohol to polyphosphoric acid 1 ： 4. The results showed that mole fraction of mono-alkyl phoshate was 47.2% under conventional heating at reaction temperature 70 ℃ for reaction time 4 h, while its mole fraction was 71.0% under microwave irradiation heating with microwave power 150 W for reaction time 10 min. The reason for the difference in this result was that coupling effect between materials and microwave, namely microwave-induced thermal effect or selective heating of polar materials.