短波紫外线致红斑的临床特点研究

Clinical study of the characteristics of ultraviolet-C-induced erythema

目的观察低压水银石英灯（短波紫外线灯）照射后所致红斑等皮肤反应，探讨其与传统高压水银石英灯照射的差异。方法将平均年龄21岁的30名受试者分为5组，用低压水银石英灯照射上腹部。照射时间分别从1，2，8，16，32S开始，经过6孔后成倍递增到32，64，256，512，1024S。照射后第3，6，9小时，以及之后每天观察1次，最久观察20d。结果①引起红斑的最短照射时间为1s，即平均生物剂量为1S。②照射1S后出现红斑的最早时间分别为照射后3～9h；最早出现红斑时间随照射时间的增加而缩短。③红斑消退的时间：照射1，2，4S所致红斑在照射后24h内均消退，其它红斑均在5d以内消退；有1例受试者照射32，64，128，256S的红斑持续时间为15d。④最早出现色素的时间：1例照射32s的受试者，在照射后第24小时出现色素；最晚出现色素的时间为照射后第5天。⑤色素消退的时间：1例为照射后第4天消退；其他受试者至观察期的12～18d色素始终未消退。⑥皮肤水肿：8例出现皮肤水肿，但是无一例出现水疱。⑦脱屑：受试者照射后6～13d均出现脱屑。结论与高压水银石英灯比较，低压水银石英灯照射所致红斑出现得更早且消失得更快，平均生物剂量为1S。红斑强度与照射剂量的关系较小，即使照射1024个生物剂量也不会导致皮肤起水疱。

Objective To characterize the erythema and other skin reactions induced by low pressure mercury quartz lamp [ ultraviolet C （UVC） lamp] radiation. Methods Thirty subjects aged 21.0 years were recruited. They were radiated with UVC radiator ZYY-9 for 1, 2, 8, 16, 32s to 32, 64, 256, 512, 1024 s. The skin responses were observed at the 3rd,6th,9th h and 2 to 20 days after radiation. Results （1）The least radiation duration to produce a minimum erythema was 1 s.（2）The latencies of erythema reaction were 3 -9 hours. The longer the exposure, the earlier the erythema appeared. （3）The erythema disappeared within 24 hours after 1, 2, 4 s of radiation. It might last for 15 days if the exposure was long enough. （4）Following the erythema, pigmentation appeared within 24 hours to 5 days after UVC radiation. （5）Pigmentation maintained for 4 days after 2 s of radiation. But most of the subjects lasted more than 12 - 18 days. （6）In 8 of 10 subjects the skin swelling appeared after radiation, but no blister was observed. （7）Desquamation appeared at 6 - 7 days after exposure in 4 subjects and at 10 - 13 days after exposure in 6 subjects. Conclusions Comparing with high pressure mercury quartz lamp, the skin erythema produced by exposure to low pressure mercury quartz lamp appeared earlier and disappeared quicker. The average minimum erythema dose （biological dose） of low pressure mercury quartz lamp （type ZYY-a） was 1 s instead of 2 s as generally believed previously. The intensity of erythema reaction was less related to the radiation duration. There was no blister observed even after 1024 s of exposure.