对《澳新协定》历史成因的解读

The Historical Backgrounds of the Australia-New Zealand Agreement

1944年1月21日,澳大利亚与新西兰签订了《澳新协定》。这是西南太平洋地区两个重要的英联邦国家之间签订的有关区域安全与社会发展的合作协定。该协定的签订有着复杂的历史成因。太平洋战争爆发后,盟国建立的对日作战磋商与合作机构以及盟国召开的一系列战略会议对澳方利益的忽视迫使澳大利亚做出反应;英国无力保障太平洋地区英联邦国家的安全,为澳新两国承担这一地区的防御既提供了动力,又创造了条件;澳新在西南太平洋地区存在的特殊利益必然要限制美国对这一地区的影响;而在澳大利亚看来,与新西兰的合作是保障西南太平洋区域安全以及促进该地区经济和社会发展的关键所在。在这些因素作用下,澳新两国把盟国的磋商机制发展成为以协定的形式来体现的双边合作机制。

The Australia-New Zealand Agreement was signed on January 21,1944. It was the first cooperation pact signed by two important countries of the British Commonwealth in Southwest Pacific region,which dealt with the regional security and social development. There were a series of complicated factors for the signature. Firstly,the Australia's interest was ignored in the discussion of the allies' strategic regime for counterattacking Japan and a series of strategic meetings among the allies forced Australia to make reactions to the fact. Secondly,the UK's inability to protect the safety of the British Commonwealth in the Pacific area motivated Australia and New Zealand to assume the responsibilities in defense and other fields. Australia and New Zealand's special interests in Southwest Pacific region would necessarily limit the American influence on the affairs of this area. Finally,Australian cooperation with New Zealand would be a key to the protection of the safety of Southwest Pacific area and promote the economic and social developments of this region.As I said above,the two countries had developed the mechanism of negotation among the allies into the bilateral cooperation in the form of pact.