川西米亚罗林区云杉天然林与人工林的群落特征比较

Comparison of Community Character between the Natural Spruce Forest and the Plantation in Miyaluo in West Sichuan

云杉林是四川西部山区重要的群落类型,为了解云杉天然林和人工林在物种组成、物种多样性以及群落结构等方面的差异,促进该区域植被的恢复与重建,我们设置典型样地对两种林型进行了详细调查,通过比较分析表明:在川西米亚罗林区,林龄在30a左右的云杉林,其天然林乔木层、灌木层的物种数以及其所属科、属数均明显比人工林多一些,而草本层物种数相差不大;但从物种多样性指数方面看,除天然林乔木层物种多样性要明显高于人工林外,二者在灌木层和草本层上无显著差异。天然林和人工林乔木层的生长状况无显著差异,天然林灌木层物种的平均密度和平均高度要显著大于人工林,平均盖度则没有显著差异;草本层各群落特征指标在两种林型之间没有显著差异。但是天然林乔木层、灌木层和草本层的物种个体数在不同样地之间的变幅均要比人工林小。物种相似性指数的比较表明,天然林与人工林内物种组成较为一致,没有显著差异。

Spruce forest is a very important forest in west Sichuan. In order to promote the forest restoration and reestablishment, the differences are compared between the natural spruce forest and the plantation on species composition, plant diversity and community construction. The representative plots are set and a detail investigation are given to the natural forest and the plantation, based on the investigation, the difference between the natural forest and the plantation are analyzed, it shows that ： for 30 years Spruce forest in west Sichuan, the species, including the amount of its families and genera belonging to, in the tree layer and shrub layer of the natural forest is distinctively more than that in the plantation, while the species in the herb layer of the natural forest is as more as that in the plantation. There are no distinctive difference on plant biodiversity between the shrub layer and herb layer of the natural forest and that of the plantation, expect for that of the tree layer. As for as growth, there are no difference in tree layer between the natural forest and the plantation, but the average density and height of shrub in the natural forest are distinctively more than that in the plantation, while the cover of the shrub has no difference. And there are no different on all community characters between the natural forest and the plantation. No matter in the tree layer, shrub layer or herb layer, the amount range of individual of the natural forest in plots is less than that of the plantation. The species compositions of the natural forest are similar to that of the plantation ones.