吉黑两省铁路交涉局的“嬗变”--1898-1917年中东铁路附属地行政管理权研究

On the Evolution of the Railway Negotiation Bureau in Jin Lin and Hei Long Jiang Provinces

清末,在俄国中东铁路管理局的要求下,中东铁路途经的黑、吉两省将军衙门分别设置了相应的交涉机构——"铁路交涉局"。在中东铁路建设、经营、管理过程中,它负责中俄之间有关铁路事务的交涉,同清朝的其他涉外机构有较大区别。它一度成为中方在中东铁路属地及其影响下地区的"准行政机构"。时事变迁,该机构的名称及功能也不断演变。由于它同时接受中俄双方影响,功能也复杂,所以其地位和作用难定,争议至今。从初设时被打上沙俄扩张的烙印,到后来成为制衡沙俄侵略的重要力量,"铁路交涉局"机构的嬗变体现了哈尔滨作为一座现代城市的独特发展史和基本特征。

In the late Qing dynasty,under the request of Russian China-Eastern Railway Administration Bureau,the General Yamen (将军衙门) in Jinlin province and Heilongjiang province,which the railway passed by,respectively set up a negotiation agency:Railway Negotiation Bureau. The Bureau took charge of affairs negotiation between Russia and China during the construction and management of railway,and even once became the quasi-executive agency in the region affiliated to the railway. However the bureau's name and function underwent some change. Because the bureau was affected by both Russia and China,so its function was complicated,and it has been a topic of controversy till today. From its beginning as a symbol of Russian expanding to latter becoming an instrument to resist Russia's aggression,the evolution of the bureau also reflected some features of history of Haerbin city.