土尔扈特蒙古西迁后的经济状况及其对东归的影响

Economic Conditions of Turgut Mongols After the West-Migration and Its Impact on Their Return

土尔扈特蒙古西迁至伏尔加河流域后,其经济状况可以概括为:传统游牧经济由盛而衰;以互通有无为基础的对俄贸易往来不断;为俄国军事战役出兵助战获得战利品和报酬成为特殊的收入来源;突袭其他民族和控制贸易路线是增加财富的渠道之一;捕鱼成为相当一部分生活贫困的土尔扈特人赖以维持生计的重要方式。作者认为经济状况恶化是促使土尔扈特蒙古东归的原因之一。

After west-migrating to the Volga River basin,Turgut Mongols roamed in the Caspian steppes for about 140 years. During this period,their economic conditions can be briefly summed up as following:traditional nomadic economy boomed and then declined; their trade with Russia based on mutual benefits continued all the time; payments and booty were got from the participation in Russian military campaigns; raiding other people and controlling of the trade routes were approaches of heaping up wealth; fishing was an important way to make a living for the impoverished Turguts. Economic conditions are an important field for us to study the social changes of Turgut Mongols in that special period. Dissatisfaction with their economic conditions is one of the reasons for their return to the east.