某大学新生视力状况及其影响因素分析

Visual Acuity Status of Freshmen in a University and Analysis of Influencing Factors

目的了解某大学2008级本科新生视力现状,分析视力低下原因,为预防、控制近视提供科学依据。方法使用国家标准对数视力检查表,标准检查距离5m,检查裸视视力。采用自行设计《大学生近视预防相关问题调查》问卷,抽样调查学生用眼卫生方面信息,结果用SPSS13.0统计分析。结果某大学2008级本科新生中,近视眼的检出率为92.42%,轻度视力低下占42.09%,中度视力低下占42.12%,高度视力低下占8.12%;其相关影响因素Logistic回归分析显示,读书时眼睛与书本的距离、读书或写字的平均时间、看电视的平均时间、学校里灯光的类型、学校课桌椅的高矮舒适度、家里桌椅的高矮舒适度和每日平均睡眠时间七个因素成为影响视力的相关危险因素。结论视力低下率高于全国平均水平。用眼卫生知识缺乏、不良用眼行为是当前影响视力的主要危险因素。

Objective To explore the eyesight status of the freshmen enrolled in the year of 2008 in a certain university,to analyze the risk factors of poor visual acuity,and to provide the scientific evidence for controlling and preventing myopia.Methods The vision of the freshmen was examined in the standard distance of 5 meters by National Standard Logarithm Visual Test Chart in the condition of gymno-vision.A sampling survey on the freshmen＇s information of healthy using eyes was conducted by the self-made questionnaire,＂Investigation on the Problems Related to Preventing Myopia Among University Students＂,and the data were statistically analyzed by SPSS13.0 software.Results Among all subjects,the detection rate of myopia was 92.42%,of which mild low vision was 42.09%,moderate low vision reached 42.12%,and high low vision accounted for 8.12%.Logistic regression analysis showed that seven influencing factors were involved in myopia of college students which were as follows：the distance between eyes and books when reading,the mean time spent on reading or writing,the average time consumed in watching television,types of lighting used in schools,the degree of comfort felt about the height of desks and chairs in school and at home,and the average time per day spent on sleeping.Conclusions The incidence rate of low vision of the freshmen is higher than the average level of the whole country.Main risk factors of college students＇ myopia are the lack of the knowledge about healthy using eyes and the wrong behaviors of using eyes.