以哮喘或咳嗽为主诉的儿童皮肤点刺试验结果差异分析

Analysis of Differences in Skin Prick Test Results of Children with Chief Complaint of Asthma or Cough

目的探讨以哮喘或咳嗽为主诉的儿童皮肤点刺试验结果差异。方法选取2005年6月-2008年5月在湖南省儿童医院呼吸免疫专科门诊就诊或住院的以哮喘或咳嗽为主诉的儿童1010例,男640例,女370例,年龄10个月～15岁(平均4.97±2.56岁)。其中以哮喘为主诉儿童686例(哮喘组),年龄(5.41±2.79)岁,以咳嗽为主诉儿童324例(咳嗽组),年龄(4.83±2.50)岁。两组儿童分别进行17种变应原的皮肤点刺试验。结果哮喘组较咳嗽组在粉尘螨、玉米花粉、酵母菌、羽毛、海蜇的皮肤点刺试验阳性率高(P<0.05或0.01),但在棉絮、香烟、艾蒿花粉的皮肤点刺试验阳性率低(P<0.01),其他过敏原皮肤点刺试验结果组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论吸入性变应原是引起儿童呼吸道症状的主要病因,且变应原与哮喘症状密切相关,与慢性咳嗽也存在部分相关。

Objective To explore the differences in the results of skin prick tests （SPT） of children with chief complaint of asthma or cough.Methods Totally 1,010 outpatients or inpatients with chief complaint of cough or asthma in Department of Respiratory and Immune Diseases,Hunan Provincial Children＇s Hospital from June 2005 to May 2008 were included in the study,including 640 males and 370 females,their mean age was 4.97 ± 2.56 years,with a range of 10 months to 15 years.Among them,there were 686 children with asthma as chief complaint （asthma group）,aged 5.41 ± 2.79 years;and 324 children with cough as chief complaint （cough group）,aged 4.83 ± 2.50 years.17 kinds of allergens SPTs were carried out among the children in the two groups.Results The positive rates of SPTs in dust mites,corn pollen,yeast,feather,jellyfish were higher in asthma group than those in cough group （P0.05 or P0.01）,but the positive rates of SPTs in cotton,tobacco,and mugwort pollen were lower in asthma group than those in cough group （P0.01）.No statistically significant difference was found in the positive rates of other allergens SPTs between the two groups （P0.05）.Conclusions Allergen inhalation is the major cause of respiratory symptoms in children,moreover,allergens are closely related to asthma symptoms and also somewhat associated with chronic cough.