真理与其探究方式的歧义——柏拉图《理想国》片段解读

Ambiguity of the Truth and its Studying Approaches——By Reading Some Segments of Plato's Utopia

当代在实证主义和技术理性占据统治地位的人类社会,哲学面临前所未有的尴尬。整个人类像马尔库塞所描述的单向度人一样日益失去了自我批判和自我反省的能力,把物以及对物的依赖当作了终极的救命稻草,并且向某个方向加速演化着。尽管出于对这种现象的反动,发起"后现代主义思潮"的思想家们以解构的方式激烈地批评了这种生存状况,但是千百年来的形而上学传统和对所谓终极真理地狂热追求似乎还是在把人类无情地带到无底深渊。是否存在"终极真理",人们又是以何种方式接近那"美杜莎的面具"的。本文通过对柏拉图经典文本《理想国》中几个重要片断进行一种现代解读,试图把问题呈现出来。

Ever since the contemporary era,in the human society dominated by positivism and technical rationality,philosophy is confronted with unprecedented discomfiture.The whole human race like one-way relieve people described by Marcuse,is increasingly losing the ability of self-criticism and self-reflection,they regard material and the dependence on material as the last straw,and are evolving faster and faster in this direction,out of the rejection to this phenomenon,thinkers initiated ＂the trend of thought of postmodemism＂ to condemn this living condition in a deconstruction way.in spite of that,however,for thousands of years,the tradition of metaphysics and the feverish pursuit to the so-called ultimate troth seem to keep pulling human race ruthlessly to the bottomless abyss,whether or not there exists the ＂ultimate truth＂？ in what way are people approaching ＂the mask of Medusa＂ By reading some important segments in the Plato＇s classical text Utopia,this paper tries to take on this problem.