重用·疏离·批责——论降清士绅与清朝统治者的关系演变过程

On the Relationship and Evolution between Surrender Intellectuals and the Qing Dynasty Rulers

中国古代知识分子的依附性特点,决定了其人必须在统治阶级允许的范围内和许可下才能实现他们修齐治平的理想,所以他们与统治者的关系往往是以统治阶级的需要为转移。在统治阶级需要他们为政权建立和巩固出谋划策的时候,是他们才能得以施展的时候,也是他们和统治阶级关系的融洽期;一旦政权巩固下来以后,统治阶级为加强专制王权,从而开始限制知识分子的权力扩张,此时,他们与统治阶级的关系恶化,处在了统治者的严厉约束之下。降清知识分子与清朝统治者的关系也是如此,经历了一个由密切合作到逐渐疏远乃至于最后的严厉批判和打击过程。

The dependence characteristics of ancient intellectuals decide they mustserve the ruling class.Their activities must accord with the ruler＇s.In the ruling class for their own needs of the establishment and consolidation of the regime of advice,intellectuals can display their vision realized,at this time,their relationship more harmonious.once the consolidation of the regime had finished,the ruling class will strengthen autocratic monarchy,thereby limiting the expansion of the power of intellectuals,at this time,their relationship become worsen.the relationship between large number of surrenders intellectuals and the rulers of Qing dynasty is same as other Dynasty＇s.Their relationship have changed from a close cooperation to gradually alienated,and even in the final process and crack down severely criticized.