基于意愿/满意度调查的东海渔业保护区综合效益评估

Integrated Ecologic-Economic-Societal Benefit Analysis of Fisheries Protection Areas (FPAs) Based on Desire/Satisfaction Surveyin the East China Sea

海岸带资源可持续利用的有效评估方法是目前国际学术界的探索难点和热点。2008年11月至2009年7月就东海沿岸三省一市渔业保护区制度的生态-经济-社会综合效益问题,与现行东海渔业保护区的多方利益主体开展了11个指标意愿/满意度的面对面问卷调查,并进行模糊多准则和层次分析法的综合评估。分析结果表明:目前的休渔、禁渔区和禁渔线制度对维持渔业可持续发展和渔业生产经济效益有着重要的作用,是适应我国现阶段渔业管理水平和渔民觉悟水平的海洋渔业资源管理措施,但仍有近58%的利益相关者认为目前的东海渔业保护区制度有待较大改进之处。因此,建议将伏季休渔期提前至5月,取消大黄鱼幼鱼保护区,将渔用柴油补贴转为禁渔补贴,和加强公众宣传、教育和执法力度,以及增加包括渔民在内的公众参与渔业保护区决策的参与度等措施。这对制定合理的东海渔业管理措施、解决各方间矛盾有着重要指导意义。

Developing an effective approach to assessing sustainable exploitation for natural resources over coastal areas requires an operable integrated ecological-economic-societal benefit analysis. A conceptual model of‘protocol assessment’has been developed in this context. Marine Protected Areas （MPAs） have been receiving more and more attention from the marine community in recent years as a tool for fishery management, protecting biodiversity and ecosystem structure as well as preserving unique marine ecosystems. Establishment of Fisheries Protected Areas （FPAs） is considered an important and valid approach for fisheries management, which can be used to limit exploitation rates of marine resources in a direct way. Economic development and population growth in China and peripheral countries over the past several decades have led to increasingly anthropogenic impacts on fishing stocks and biodiversity in the East China Sea （ECS）. In response to this, a range of marine management strategies, including small no-take zones, large seasonal fishing closure areas and MPAs, have been introduced by regional and central governments of China. It has become generally recognized that these spatial measures can be conducive to sustainable fisheries development of ecological, economic and social benefits in the ECS. Based on the conceptual model of‘protocol assessment’, a set of desire/satisfaction surveys comprised of 11 indicators with multi-stakeholders associated with FPAs were made in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian Provinces and Shanghai City in China from November 2008 to July 2009. Then, an integrated assessment of ecological-economic-social benefits from FPAs of the ECS was performed with the Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making （FMCDM） and Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） methodologies. Results showed that the ongoing FPAs consisting of summer closure, permanent coastal biodiversity areas, juvenile and spawning reserves play a fundamental role in sustainable development for the fishery and increases of fishery economic benefits in the ECS. This means that present management regulations and measures are basically suitable for current states and fishermen’s awareness, which was supported by less 50% stakeholders, while some approaches were suggested to be expected by 58% stakeholders as to advancing the summer closure to May for protection of juvenile hairtail, canceling juvenile large yellow croaker reserve, transferring existing fishing diesel subsidy to fishing closure subsidy, and promoting fishermen’s participation in fishing policy making as well as publication education. These suggestions will benefit sustainable development and recovery of the fishery in the ECS.