发展转型的生态经济化和经济生态化过程

Ecological Economization and Economic Ecologization in Succession Progress of Development

目前的生产-消费体系是造成生态系统损失的主要原因,未来的经济进步依赖于生态服务价值得到充分的评价与应有的体现。面对资源环境困境,世界各国都在探索新的发展途径",A模式向B模式转变"的理论不足以为我国发展政策提供足够理论解释和决策支持。从发展过程视角,本文系统总结了生态经济化、经济生态化的内涵、内容,其中,经济生态化过程的主要内容包括:①区域经济社会和生态环境配置和谐化;②从生产到消费的全过程生态化;③生态资产再造和功能激活;生态经济化过程的主要内容包括:①生态资源资产化;②生态资产价值化和资本化;③生态服务供给和消费费用化。最后指出,我国应该走经济生态化和现代生态经济化相结合的道路,即在我国经济发展水平较高而生态资源稀缺的区域推进经济生态化进程,在生态资源丰富而经济发展水平较低的欠发达区域推进生态经济化进程。

Current production and consumption systems are usually accompanying ecosystem losses. Future progress of economic development cannot be achieved without fully evaluating and reflecting ecosystem service value. Facing increasingly acute contradictions between economic development and the degrading environment and exhausted resources, most countries and regions are trying to explore new development ways. The theory of moving from Plan A, business-as-usual, onto a new path-Plan B is not going to work for China because it is inadequate to provide theoretical explanations and decision-making support to China’s development policies. From the perspective of succession progress of development, in the present paper, the authors focus on discussing the connotation and elements of ecological economization and economical ecologization. The ecological economization contains the following aspects： 1） to coordinate regional economical-social development and ecological capital protection; 2） to promote the ecologization of the whole production-consumption processes, and 3） to reconstruct and revitalize ecosystem capital and functions. The key components of ecological economization are comprised of： 1） to value, manage and use ecological resources as assets; 2） to realize the worth of and capitalize the ecological assets; 3） to monetize both production and consumption of ecosystem services. Some suggestions on China’s development and ecological protection in the future are given as follows. The way of coupled development of ecological economization and economical ecologization is suggested to take. This means that the government should actively promote the shift of the development way to a mode of economical ecologization over developed areas with inadequate natural resources and ecosystem services, and to a mode of ecological economization over the undeveloped areas with abundant natural resources and ecosystem services.