电子束快速成形研究进展及关键问题分析

The Development and Key Problems of Electric Beam Rapid Forming

电子束快速成形效率高,可加工材料范围广,具有高真空保护,是粉末近净成形的前沿技术和重要发展方向。概述了电子束快速成形研究进展,针对影响成形质量和精度的吹粉、球化、零件变形、残余应力、表面粗糙度、缺陷控制等关键问题,从电子束与粉末相互作用、粉末烧结及熔化、温度场及应力应变演化的角度着重进行了分析,并据此提出具体解决措施和研究重点。

The Electric Beam Rapid Forming process has the characteristic of high efficiency, broad material choice, high build speed, vacuum protection, and offers a high level of geometric freedom together with first-class material properties. All these made it the important development direction and front area of powder net shaping. In this paper, the development of electric beam rapid forming research is reviewed, the key problems, such as blowing powder, balling, distortion, remained stress, coarseness exterior surface, defect control, are analyzed from the aspects of the interaction between electric beam and powder, the sintering and melting of powder, the evolution of temperature and stress/strain fields. Then the methods cope with these problems are also put forward.