网棚全覆盖遮阳栽培对当归抽薹及环境温湿因子的效应

Influence of sun shade cultivation on premature bolting in Angelica sinensis and growth environment factors

目的:研究网棚覆盖遮阳栽培对当归生长、早期抽薹率及环境温湿因子的效应。方法:试验设4处理1水平,随机排列,4次重复。每小区大苗、中、小苗分别栽植。结果:遮阳栽培使当归前期株高提高13.1～23.1 cm,麻口病株率降低17.5%～33.19%,单根鲜重增加26.49～37.35 g,增产1 791～2 445 kg/hm2,醇溶性浸出物含量提高7.08%～10.02%。当归中苗遮阳75%和50%,早抽薹率分别降低5%和5.5%。示范表明,遮阳50%使8:00时月均气温降低0.8～1.5℃,14:00时月均气温降低1.4～1.7℃;8:00时旬均气温降低0～3.1℃,14:00时旬均气温降低1.0～2.0℃;使14:00时月均地温降低2.1～3.8℃,旬均地温降低1.4～5.4℃;使旬均空气湿度提高1%～7%,使小雨后3 d时土壤含水量提高1.8%～3.7%。结论:遮阳栽培能有效促进当归前期生长,改善品质,抑制中苗早抽薹,降低气温和地温,提高空气湿度和土壤含水量,显著提高当归产量,降低麻口病株率。

Objective：To study the influence of sun shade net cultivation on plant growth,premature bolting in Angelica sinensis and growth environmental factors.Method： Four treatments with 1 level at random were designed and repeated 4 times.Large,middle and small seedlings were planted separetly in each test plot.Result： Sun shade cultivation promoted Angelica sinensis plant growth： the plant height increased 13.1 ～ 23.1 cm;percentage of Ditylenchus destructor infected plants decreased 17.5% ～ 33.19%;average fresh root weight increased 26.49 ～ 37.35g;yield increased 1 791 ～ 2 445 kg /hm2;and ethanol extracts content increased 7.08% ～ 10.02%.Premature bolting of middle size seedlings decreased 5% and 5.5% respectively when covered with 75% and 50% sun shade net.50% sun shade net cultivation demonstration showed that monthly average air temperature at 8：00 decreased 0.8 ～ 1.5 ℃,and that at 14：00 decreased 1.4 ～ 1.7 ℃;10 days average air temperature in 8：00 decreased 0 ～ 3.1 ℃,and that in 14：00 decreased 1.0 ～ 2.0 ℃.Monthly average soil temperature in 14：00 decreased 2.1 ～ 3.8 ℃;10 days average soil temperature in 14：00 decreased 1.4 ～ 5.4 ℃.10 days average air relative humidity increased 1% ～ 7%;soil water content increased 1.8% ～ 3.7% 3 days after flurry rain.Conclusion： Sun shade cultivation could effectively promote Angelica sinensis plant growth,improve quality,inhibit premature bolting of middle size seedlings,enhance air humidity and soil water content,significantly enhance yield,reduce Ditylenchus destructor infected plants percentage.