犬心心腔主要结构的形态学观测

Morphological Observation on Main Anatomical Structures of Canine Hearts Cavity

目的观测犬心心腔主要结构，为心脏比较解剖学积累一定的资料。方法10％甲醛固定犬心45例，一周后解剖并观测二尖瓣复合体、三尖瓣复合体、肺动脉瓣环、主动脉瓣环、肺静脉、前后腔静脉、冠状窦和卵圆窝，统计学处理后与人的心脏进行比较分析。结果①犬心左心室呈圆锥形，分为左心室流入道及左心室流出道，其流入道主要结构为二尖瓣复合体。二尖瓣环周径为49．16±10．00mm，腱索总数为16．72±2．76条。左心室流出道主要结构为主动脉瓣、主动脉窦、主动脉口。主动脉瓣环周径为34．55±8．00mm；②犬心右心室主要结构有三尖瓣复合体、肺动脉瓣、假腱索、隔缘肉柱等。三尖瓣环周径为71．03±14．02mm，肺动脉瓣环周径为35．97±8．17mm；③犬心左右心房的主要结构有前后腔静脉、肺静脉、冠状窦和卵圆窝。前腔、后腔静脉口径分别为43．91±10．17mm、37．67±10．54mm。肺静脉平均为29．44±12．71mm。冠状窦口径平均为14．12±4．00mm。其中冠状窦口呈圆形的占89．7％，唇形的占10．3％。卵圆窝发现率为100％。结论犬心的主要结构与人类相似，但大小及假腱索、腱索总数有一定差异。

Objective To observe and measure the main anatomical structure of canine hearts cavity, and to accumulate data for the study of comparative zootomy. Methods The hearts from fourty-five dogs fixed with 10% formaldehyde for one week were dissected, then were observed and measured relative datas of the mitral complex tricuspid complex tricuspid valve ring aortic orifice pulmonary veins in front of and behind vena cava coronary sinus and fossa ovalis dealed with statistics then analyzed the datas and compared with human heart. Results 1. The left ventricle of canine heart was a cone. It was divided into the gateway of left ventricle and outlet of left ventricle. The main structure of the gateway was mitral complex, which was composed of the mitral ring and valve chordae tendinease and papillary muscles. The length of mitral ring was 49.16 ± 10.00mm. The average number of chordae tendineass was 16.72 ± 2.79. The main structures of the outlet of left ventricle were aortic valve aortic sinus and aortic orifice. The length of aortic orifice was 34.55 ± 8.00 mm. 2. The main anatomical structures of the right ventricle in canine were made up of the tricuspid complex pulmonary valve false tendon and septomarginal trabecula, et al. The tricuspid complex was built up of the tricuspid valve ring and valve chordae tendinease and papillary muscles. The average length of tricuspid valve ring was 71.03 ± 14.20mm. The average length of pulmonary valve ring was 35.97±8.17mm. 3. The main anatomical structures of the right and left atrium in canine were composed of the before and after vena cava pulmonary veins coronary sinus and fossa ovalis. Before and after the inferior vena cava the perioral diameter were 43.91 ± 10.17mm and 37.67 ±10.54 mm. The average of pulmonary veins was 29.44 ± 12.71mm. Coronary sinus circumference was 14.12 ± 4.00 mm. Coronary sinus which was round the mouth accounted for 89.7%, the lamiaceae accounted for 10.3%. Fossa ovalis was found in 100%. Conclusion The main anatomical structure of the Canine hearts cavity is similar to that of human heart in spite of the difference in size and the total number of left ventricular false tendon and chordae tendinease