山东和宁夏县乡村医疗机构门诊处方抗生素使用分析

The Analysis of the Use of Prescription Antibiotics at Outpatient Clinics in Rural Three-level Medical Institutions in Shandong and Ningxia Province

抗生素不合理使用是全球性的公共卫生问题,我国抗生素使用也存在滥用等不合理使用的情况。文章通过分层随机抽样方法抽取山东、宁夏2省6县的县、乡、村三级医疗机构的3000份门诊处方,分析我国农村医疗机构门诊抗生素使用现状。结果表明,门诊处方前10位常用药品中1/3以上为抗生素,山东县、乡、村三级医疗机构处方抗生素使用率分别为40.3%、64.0%和75.3%,宁夏为58.0%、71.7%和66.2%。处方抗生素联用现象较普遍,抗生素注射给药率较高,山东省村级及宁夏县、村两级医疗机构的含抗生素处方的平均药费明显高于不含抗生素处方。研究认为,山东和宁夏两省的农村三级医疗机构普遍存在抗生素滥用及使用不当现象,需要采取进一步的措施规范抗生素的处方行为。

The irrational use of antibiotics is a global public health problem including China.The paper aims at analyzing the current utilization of antibiotic in Chinese rural areas through analyzing the 3 000 outpatient prescriptions by randomly sampling in Shandong and Ningxia rural three-level medical institutions.The results showed that,in the rural medical institutions of both provinces,over one third of the top ten drugs prescribed were antibiotics.Prescription rate of antibiotics was 40.3%,64.0% and 75.3% in Shandong and 58.0%,71.7% and 66.2% in Ningxia.There was a high utilization rate of antibiotic injection.Prescriptions with antibiotics had higher average fees than prescriptions without antibiotics in the village clinics of Shandong Province and town hospitals and county hospitals,Ningxia Province.The paper concluded that the irrational use of antibiotics in both of the two provinces is severe.Some specific mea-sures should be taken for further regulating the antibiotic prescription behavior in both provinces.