我国企业成为创新主体的外围制度困境

The Institutional Predicaments with Enterprises as Innovation Subject in China

我国众多企业正在遭受缺乏自主核心技术和创新能力的困扰。对于企业来说,创新只是其众多发展路径选择之一。企业对于发展路径的选择,很大程度上取决于外部各种环境的刺激,因此要使企业走创新之路,就需要相应的制度环境,虽然企业也有自己的制度和动力机制,但它们是受外部宏观制度环境制约的。合理的外部制度环境可以转化为有效的引导和驱使企业选择创新的不竭动力和正向压力,而这些正是我们所缺乏的。探讨了我国企业目前所面临的产权制度、劳动用工、职称评定、退休待遇、资源环境以及金融等外围制度困境。之所以称其为外围制度,是因为它们并不直接规定和指导企业创新活动,也不参与创新要素的直接分配,而只是影响创新的环境和氛围,进而影响各种创新主体和创新要素参与的态度和成本。

Most Chinese enterprises have been suffering the lack of key technology and innovational capacity. Whether an enterprise chooses innovation or not, depends on the stimulation of institutional arrangements in a great degree, because enterprises innovation is just one of the many choices. For an enterprise to choose innovation, it entails appropriate institutional environment, which China desperately needs now. Although many enterprises have their own regulations and mechanisms, they still require the appropriate macro-environment to work. This paper analyzes the most prominent institutional predicaments, such as employment, retirement pension, financial system, resource management and so on.