范围经济与商业企业地理集群

ECONOMIES OF SCOPE AND CONCENTRATION OF DIFFERENTIATED STORES

商业企业地理集群已成为21世纪中国市场经济发展的新景观。基于博弈论构建了线性空间中寡头垄断市场结构下商业企业的区位选择模型,探究了商业企业空间集聚的经济机理。证明了在消费者具有多样化偏好的环境下,经营差异化产品商业企业的市场需求相互依赖,这导致了企业区位选择过程中的范围经济性。商业企业地理集群是具有完美预期的商业企业对消费者购物行为反应的均衡结果。还发现在均衡中商品的价格随着市场群落中产品差异性的扩大而增加。区位选择的模型不仅揭示了商业企业地理集群的经济机理,还可以解释涉及市场群落的许多现象。

Geographic clusters of commercial enterprises have become a new landscape in the development of China＇s market economy in the 21st century. In this paper, the location selection behavior of oligopolistic commercial enterprises is analyzed by using a one-dimensional spatial competition model based on the game theory. The economic mechanisms of spatial concentration of commercial enterprises providing differentiated products are explored. Under the circumstances that consumer has diverse preferences, the market demands of differentiated commercial enterprises are interlinked, which leads to economies of scope in the location decision-making of commercial enterprises. It is proved that market cluster is the equilibrium outcome of commercial enterprises＇ reaction to consumers＇ shopping behavior. It is also found that the commodity prices are relatively higher in equilibrium. Our model not only reveals the formation mechanisms of market cluster, but also can be applied to many phenomena relating to market clusters.