高校学生乙肝疫苗接种3年后免疫效果及HBV感染调查

Hepatitis B Immunization Effect and HBV Infection Status Among University Students Three Years After Hepatitis B Vaccination

目的了解大学新生入校后直接普种乙肝疫苗3年后的免疫效果及乙肝病毒感染情况,探讨在校大学生中乙肝的有效防治措施。方法整群追踪观察某高校2003-2005级新生12231例接种乙肝疫苗免疫效果,3年后检测乙肝两对半并对结果做统计分析。结果2003-2005级新生接种乙肝疫苗3年后抗-HBs阳性保护率分别为60.70%、48.87%和53.21%,HBsAg感染率分别为5.48%、5.10%和4.71%。不同年级抗-HBS阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但HBsAg感染率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3届学生HBV感染模式构成差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),HBV感染以"小三阳"为主占45.2%。男、女生HBSAg感染率分别为5.60%、4.86%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),男、女生抗-HBS阳性保护率和疫苗接种率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别学生HBSAg及抗-HBS阳性检出率及接种率农村高于城镇,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论某高校学生接种乙肝疫苗3年后HBsAg感染率有所下降,但存在着感染模式和城乡差别;抗-HBs阳性保护率较低,存在男女差别。

Objective To learn about the hepatitis B immunization effect and HBV infection status among university students three years after hepatitis B vaccination and explore the effective measures to control hepatitis B among university students. Method A follow-up was made for 12 231 students who received hepatitis B vaccination at the entrance in 2003, 2004 and 2005; the detection of hepatitis B serological markers was conducted three years later. Results For these students, the anti-HBs protection rate was 60.70%, 48.87%, 53.21% respectively, and the HBsAg infection rate was 5.48%, 5.10%, 4.71% respectively. The differences on anti-HBs positive protection rate were statistically significant （P〈0.05）, but the differences on HBsAg infection rate were not significant （P〉 0.05）. The differences on the proportions of infection pattern among these students had significant difference （P〈0.05）. Many students （45.2%） were HBeAb positive. HBsAg infection rate was 5.60% in boys and 4.86% in girls, the difference was statistically significant （P〉 0.05）. The differences on anti-HBS protection rates and vaccination rates between the boys and girls were significant （P〈0.05）. The HBsAg infection rates, anti-HBS protection rates and vaccination rates of the boys and girls from rural area were higher than those from urban area, and the differences were statistically significant （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The decline of HBsAg infection rate was observed among the students surveyed, but the difference on infection pattern was found between the students from urban area and those from rural area. The anti-HBs protection rate was low, which had gender difference.