“工程司法鉴识”制度架构研究

The Research on Institutional Framework of "Forensic Judicial Engineering"

我国目前处于建设高峰期,工程事故时有发生。近年来接连发生的重大工程灾害和事故造成了巨大的经济损失和人员伤亡。土木工程项目全寿命期较长,工程参与方众多,事故后工程各方争议尖锐,造成恶劣的社会影响,这就需要具有合法和公正性质的工程鉴识机制参与到争议的解决和事故的处理中来。但是由于受到传统观念的影响,工程鉴识往往"人治"色彩严重,鉴识过程和结论的科学性、合法性受到公众质疑。土木工程作为专业分工十分精细和复杂的行业,其工程事故的处理、原因追溯,争议解决等方面需要专门的机构、人员和制度,以保证结果的有效性和客观性。本文结合我国工程实际和司法制度,提出了建立工程司法鉴识机制的构想,对"工程鉴识"进行了定义,分析了建立工程司法鉴识制度的必要性,对工程司法鉴识的主体资格,鉴识启动机制,以及鉴识意见的质证和采信制度等一系列具体问题进行了探讨,建立土木工程司法鉴识制度的构架。

China is at the rush hour of construction, at the same time engineering accidents occur frequently. The major engineer- ing disaster and accidents happened one by one in recent years caused enormous economic losses and serious casualties. Because of the long time life--cycle and the large number participants of civil engineering, the aculeate disputes between participants after ac- cident induce adverse social influence. So forensic mechanisms required with legitimate and fair nature to resolve disputes and deal with accidents. Influenced by traditional concepts, the engineering forensic was often seriously ＂ruled by human＂. The scientifiealness and the legitimacy of forensic process and conclusions were questioned by public. The civil engineering is an industry with fine and complex professional labor division. Some like the accident treatment, cause retrospection, dispute resolution need the help of special institutions, engineer and systems to ensure the effectiveness and objectivity of the results. This paper, base on China＇s engi- neering reality and judiciary, put forwarded the idea of establishing the engineering judicial forensic mechanism and defined the ＂ Engineering; Forensic ＂. In this paper a series of specific issues like the practitioner qualities, the startup procedure, the cross--examination and admissibility of the forensic opinions were also discussed.