秸秆机械全量粉碎还田与密肥调控对稻麦周年生产力的影响

Effects of Crushing by Machine and Returning All the Straw to Field and Dense Fertilizer Regulation on Anniversary Productivity of Rice and Wheat

[目的]为在秸秆机械全量粉碎还田条件下建立密肥调控的最优模式提供理论依据。[方法]以小麦扬麦16和水稻丰两优4号为供试品种,采用2因素裂区试验设计进行田间试验,试验施氮水平分别为:N1(180kg/hm2)、N2(225kg/hm2)、N3(270kg/hm2),基本苗分别为:M1(225万/hm2)、M2(300万/hm2)、M3(375万/hm2)。[结果]处理N1M3的稻麦周年产量、总产值、纯收入、物质投入净产率、活劳动净产率、产/投比均最高,分别达15736.44kg/hm2、28076.47元/hm2、21712.35元/hm2、5.15%、13.06%和4.41。在同一密度水平下,稻麦周年产量、总产值、纯收入、物质投入净产率、活劳动净产率、产/投比的变化趋势分别为:N1>N3>N2、N1>N3>N2、N1>N2>N3、N1>N2>N3、N1>N2>N3、N1>N2>N3;在同一肥力水平下,其变化趋势分别为:M1<M2<M3、M1<M2<M3、M1<M2<M3、M1>M2>M3、M1<M2<M3、M1>M2>M3。[结论]在秸秆机械全量粉碎还田条件下,适度降低施氮水平、提高基本苗数能稳定稻麦周年生产力。

[Objective] The purpose was to supply theoretical basis for establishing the optimum model of dense fertilizer regulation under the condition of crushing by machine and returning all the straw to field.[Method] With wheat Yangmai16 and rice Fengliangyou No.4 as tested varieties,the field experiment was carried out by using 2-divided area experimental design.In this experiment,the nitrogen application levels were set at 180 （N1）,225 （N2） and 270 kg/hm^2 （N3）;the basic seedling numbers were set at 2.25×106 （M1）,3.00×106 （M2） and 3.75×106 seedlings/hm^2 （M3）.[Result] The anniversary yield of rice and wheat,total yield value,pure income,net output rate of material input,net output rate of labor and output/input ratio in Treatment N1M3 were highest,being up to 15 736.44 kg/hm^2,28 076.47 yuan/hm^2,21 712.35 yuan/hm^2,5.15,13.06 and 4.41 resp.Under the same density level,the change trends of the anniversary yield of rice and wheat,total yield value,pure income,net output rate of material input,net output rate of labor and output/input ratio were N1N3N2,N1N3N2,N1N2N3,N1N2N3,N1N2N3 and N1N2N3 resp.;under the same fertility level,their change trends were M1 M2 M3,M1 M2 M3,M1 M2 M3,M1M2M3,M1 M2 M3 and M1M2M3 resp.[Conclusion] Under the condition of crushing by machine and returning all the straw to field,suitably lowering nitrogen application level and increasing basic seedling number could stabilize the anniversary productivity of rice and wheat.