冠状动脉支架置入后支架内的血栓问题:形成的因素及其防治

In-stent thrombus problems following coronary artery stent implantation:Factors for its formation as well as its prevention and treatment

目的:探讨冠状动脉支架置入后血栓形成的机制及防治情况。方法:由第一作者应用计算机检索维普数据库(http://www.cqvip.com/)与冠状动脉支架置入后血栓形成有关的文献,检索时限为2000-01/2009-10。检索关键词:冠状动脉,支架植入术,血栓。对资料进行初审,并查看每篇文献后的引文。纳入标准:①支架内血栓形成的机制及危险因素。②支架内血栓的预防及治疗。排除标准:重复研究或较陈旧文献。依据纳入排除标准共保留相关文献28篇。结果:支架内血栓形成是冠心病介入治疗的严重并发症,可对人体造成灾难性的后果。与普通金属支架比较,药物洗脱支架可明显减少再狭窄率和靶病变的血运重建率。置入支架后可发生早期、晚期、极晚期支架内血栓形成,其发生机制并不完全相同。抗血小板、抗凝、调脂治疗可能降低支架内血栓的发生率。个体化手术及个体化药物治疗,在解决冠状动脉血运重建的同时,可减少再狭窄率和降低支架血栓的发生率。结论:在期待新型支架的同时,对每例患者,应仔细评估支架内血栓形成的各种危险因素,做到个体化手术及个体化药物治疗。在冠状动脉血运重建的同时,减少再狭窄率和降低支架内血栓的发生率。

OBJECTIVE：To explore mechanism,prevention and treatment of thrombosis following implantation of coronary artery stent.METHODS：The first author used computer to retrieve Vip Database（http：//www.cqvip.com/） for articles concerning thrombosis following implantation of coronary artery stent published from January 2000 to October 2009.The key words included ＂coronary artery,stent implantation,thrombus＂.The data were primarily screened,and references of each article were checked.Inclusion criteria：mechanism and risk factor of thrombosis in stent;prevention and treatment of thrombosis in stent.Exclusion criteria：articles addressing duplicated or old contents.Finally,28 articles were included.RESULTS：Thrombosis in stent was a severe complication in interventional therapy of coronary artery disease,could induce severe outcomes for the body.Compared with common mental stent,drug eluting stents can significantly reduce restenosis rate and revascularization rate of target lesions.Following stent implantation,thrombosis in stent can occur in early,late and extremely late phases.The mechanisms are different.Antiplatelet,anticoagulation and lipid-lowering therapy can diminish the occurrence rate of thrombosis in stent.Individual surgery and individual drug therapy not only can solve revascularization in the coronary artery,but also decrease restenosis rate and occurrence rate of thrombosis in stent.CONCLUSION：With the expectation of novel stents,various risk factors for thrombosis in stent should be assessed in detail to achieve individual surgery and individual drug therapy.During revascularization in the coronary artery,restenosis rate and occurrence rate of thrombosis in stent should be reduced.