人工膝关节交叉韧带材料学及其特点

Material characteristics of artificial knee joints' cruciate ligament

目的:论述膝交叉韧带运动损伤后重建材料的选择及人工合成材料的应用前景,认识运动员这一特殊群体膝交叉韧带损伤后移植物重建的材料选择。方法:由作者应用计算机检索维普数据库中与人工合成膝关节韧带有关的文献,检索时限为1998-01/2009-10。检索关键词:膝交叉韧带,运动,韧带修复,韧带重建,人工合成材料。纳入标准:①选取针对性强,相关度高的文献。②对同一领域的文献选择近期发表或权威杂志的文献。③排除较陈旧的理论观点以及一些重复性研究。对资料进行初审,并查看每篇文献后的引文。结果:计算机初检到72篇文献,阅读标题和摘要进行初筛,排除研究目的与本文无关的文献21篇,内容重复性研究27篇,共24篇文献符合标准。自体移植物和同种异体移植物由于自身的缺陷不是运动员交叉韧带的理想材料,人工韧带拥有广阔的应用前景,如LARS人工韧带目前主要在欧洲被广泛应用。国内应用LARS人工韧带重建交叉韧带,其近期效果令人鼓舞,远期效果仍需进一步观察。尤其是职业运动员的交叉韧带损伤,LARS人工韧带是比较安全的移植材料。结论:虽然目前人工韧带还存在不足之处,不能完全代替交叉韧带,但是人工韧带为前、后交叉韧带重建的确提供了一种选择,是交叉韧带重建进展史中重要的一步。

OBJECTIVE：To summarize material selection for reconstruction among athletes following knee joints＇ cruciate ligament sports injury and application prospect of artificial materials.METHODS：Articles related to artificial knee joints＇ cruciate ligament were retrieved from VIP database with Keywords of ＂knee joints＇ cruciate ligament,sports,ligament repair,ligament reconstruction,artificial material＂ between January 1998 and October 2009.Inclusion criteria：highly related articles and articles in the same circle published in the authoritative journals or recently published.Exclusion criteria：traditional or duplicated research.All articles were primarily retrieved and the references were also looked up.RESULTS：Among 72 articles,21 ones were not related to the required content,27 ones were duplicated studies,and 24 ones were included based on the inclusion criteria.Autograft and allograft were not ideal materials for repair cruciate ligament among athletes.Otherwise,artificial ligaments had application prospects,for example,LARS artificial ligament has been widely used in Europe.Domestic application of LARS artificial ligament achieved short-term effect on reconstruction of cruciate ligament;however,the long-term effect remains to be further studied,in particular,the cruciate ligament injury of professional athletes.LARS artificial ligament was a safe material.CONCLUSION：Although artificial ligament still has many shortages and it is not able to completely replace cruciate ligament,artificial ligament provides a selection for reconstruction of anterior and posterior cruciate ligament;therefore,artificial ligament plays an important role in developing reconstruction of cruciate ligament.