膝关节韧带重建人工材料的优化与选择

Optimization and selection of artificial materials for knee joint ligament reconstruction

目的:通过文献检索,深入认识膝关节韧带的生物力学特征,揭示膝关节韧带损伤的原因,提出大学生体育运动中膝关节损伤的预防、治疗、功能恢复及优化重建材料建议。方法:由第一作者检索2006/2010PubMed数据库(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed)及万方数据库(http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn),检索词为"膝关节,生物力学,运动损伤,人工韧带,材料优化"。纳入膝关节生物力学特征,膝关节韧带一般损伤原因、预防、治疗、功能恢复,以及关节韧带断裂重修材料的相关研究,排除重复类研究。结果:检索文献总量566篇,阅读文章标题和摘要进行初选,共保留18篇文献行进一步分析。结论:膝关节韧带损伤在体育运动中经常发生,对学生的体质健康危害很大。对膝关节运动状态下的生物力学特征、膝关节韧带损伤康复、膝关节韧带断裂重建材料优化等进行研究,有助于大学生体育运动中膝关节损伤的预防、治疗和功能恢复,对促进大学生体质健康,落实阳光体育运动具有重要意义。随着材料医学的发展,近年来人工合成韧带开始步入临床,近期与中期效果令人鼓舞,综合应用生物降解聚合物技术、细胞因子治疗、体外细胞培养、基因转染等组织工程学技术,将有助于进一步确定韧带修复替代的生物学基本理论,开发出一种新的韧带替代技术,在本世纪内达到人工合成韧带标准。

OBJECTIVE：To understand biomechanical characteristics of knee joint ligament to reveal the causes for ligament injury of the knee joint,so as to provide suggestions of knee joint prevention,treatment,functional recovery and reconstruction material optimization for college students during sports exercise.METHODS：A computer-based online search of PubMed database（http：//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed）and Wanfang database（http：//www.wanfangdata.com.cn）was performed for related articles published between 2006 and 2010,with the Keywords ＂knee joint,biomechanics,sports injury,artificial ligament,material optimization＂ in English and Chinese.Articles involving biomechanical characteristics of knee joint,general causes,prevention,treatment and functional recovery of knee joint ligament and reconstruction material to repair ligament breakage were included.Repetitive studies were excluded.RESULTS：A total of 566 articles were collected,and 18 were included for further analysis following title reading and abstract screening.CONCLUSION：Ligament injury of the knee joint is common in sports exercise and greatly damages students body quality.Studies of biomechanical characteristics,rehabilitation,and reconstruction material to repair ligament breakage benefit prevention,treatment and functional recovery of knee injury of college students during sports exercise,which also promote students health and carry out positive sports exercise.With developing material medicine,artificial ligament has been used clinically,which obtains favorable effect in short and middle period of time.Biodegradation of polymer in combination with cytokine treatment,in vitro cell culture and gene transfection techniques help to confirm basic theory of ligament repair and substitution.A novel ligament substitution should be developed to reach requirements of artificial ligament.