环境样品中总钒、钒(V)和钒(Ⅳ)分离测定方法探讨

Determination of total V,V(V) and V(Ⅳ) in environmental samples:A review

钒是一种重要的生命元素,同时也是环境污染物之一,因此环境样品及生命有机体中微量钒的测定具有重要的实际意义,是预测和评估其对人体健康、环境安全影响的重要前提之一。环境中钒主要以Ⅳ价和Ⅴ价存在,因而对钒的测定方法研究主要集中在Ⅳ和Ⅴ价化合物的分离分析上。对V(Ⅴ)和V(Ⅳ)的分离方法,和光谱法、催化动力法、极谱法、酶学反应法等测定V(Ⅴ)、V(Ⅳ)和总V的方法进行了综述。

Vanadium （V） plays a highly critical role in nature systems due to its potential essences and toxicity to living organisms. Its mobility, bioavailability and toxic effects depend not only on the total concentrations but also its oxidation states. The most stable V species in the environment are V（V） and V（IV） and V（V） is usually more toxic than V（IV）. To understand such toxicological effects and the bioavailability and mobility of V species, it is indispensable to have a comprehensive overview of present state of knowledge related to V speciation and determination. This review is with an objective to address the techniques used for determination of total V, including spectroscopic, colorimetric, voltammetric and enzymatic methods. Furthermore, separation methods for V（1V） and V（V） speciation comprise solid phase extraction, capillary electrophoresis, ion exchange chromatogram, precipitation. A brief outline of analytical principle, methodic advantages and disadvantages is also included for each technique.