云南地区中国种子植物特有属的研究

On the genera of seed plants endemic to China in Yunnan

物种特有现象的研究具有重要的区系地理学和保护生物学意义。利用大尺度的植物物种分布信息,探讨了云南地区中国种子植物特有属的科、属组成,区系性质及其地理分布格局。结果表明,云南地区拥有中国种子植物特有属125属,分属于59科,共含种子植物246种,是中国种子植物特有属的重要分布地区之一。含特有属较多的科主要为菊科Compositae、苦苣苔科Gesneriaceae、伞形科Umbelliferae、禾本科Gramineae和唇形科Labiatae。从各属所包含的物种数来看,单型属占主体地位。根据科的分布区类型构成,云南地区中国种子植物特有属主要起源于热带地区。从属的生活型构成来看,主要以草本植物属为主,而木本植物属所占比重相对较小,暗示着研究区域内特有属的区系兼有年轻成分和古老成分,但以年轻成分为主。从空间分布格局来看,特有属主要分布在"田中线"以东地区。与过去的研究结果不同,我们发现云南地区拥有3个重要的特有属分布中心和3个次级分布中心。

Endemism is one of key subjects in biogeography and conservation biology. In this paper, the composition of taxa, flora elements and geographical patterns of genera of seed plants endemic to China in Yunnan were investigated based on distribution data of plant species in large scale. The results showed that Yunnan holds 125 genera endemic to China, subordinated in 59 families, including 246 species, and the studied area was one of distribution centers of endemism of seed plants in China. The most important families included Compositae, Gesneriaceae, Umbelliferae, Gramineae and Labiatae. The mono-species genera gained the dominance against multi-species genera. According to the areal-types of families, the flora of genera endemic to China in the studied area mainly developed from tropical region. There were much more herbaceous genera than woody, which meant that there were both ancient and young elements, but the young elements predominated. There were much more endemic genera to the east of the Tanaka Line than to the west. We found that there were three important distribution centers and three subordinate centers of endemic genera, which was different from the previous studies.