扎龙湿地丹顶鹤巢址空间分布变化及其对环境变化指征

The spatial pattern change of the red crowned crane's nests in Zhalong NNR and its environmental implications

扎龙国家级湿地保护区是我国一级保护鸟类丹顶鹤最重要的集中繁殖栖息地。以扎龙保护区为研究区,利用质心模型和最近邻体模型等方法,模拟1996至2004年间丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)巢址的空间分布变化,分析这种变化对环境变化的指示作用。结果表明:丹顶鹤种群巢址分布出现向核心区集中的现象,鹤巢平均最近邻体距离大幅减少,巢址的空间分布格局由1996年的均匀分布转变为2004年的成群分布型;丹顶鹤巢址的空间分布变化表明该区环境发生巨大的变化:1996年核心区内栖息资源相对均匀、丰富,而缓冲区和实验区适宜生境呈零星分布格局,此后生境质量经历了由适宜→非适宜,适宜生境空间分布由均匀→斑块化的过程,到2004年各功能区适宜生境数量大幅减少,且核心区内适宜生境斑块化严重。为研究区丹顶鹤种群及其生境的保护和管理提供参考。

Zhalong national natural reserve （NNR） is the among the most important breeding places for the red crowned crane （Grus japonensis）. Selecting Zhalong NNR as the study area, the patial distribution pattern change of the red crowned crane population from 1996 to 2004 was analyzed with the method nearest neighbor analysis （NNA）. And its implications to the environmental degradation were discussed. The results showed the spatial distribution pattern changed from uniform distribution to aggregated distribution during 1996 to 2004. These changes reflected that the distributions of habitats had undergone a process of fragmentation and continuous losses. It seemed the habitats were rich and fairly evenly distributed in the core area and there were much fewer habitats in the buffer area and test area in 1996. however, the obvious degradation of habitats occurred, along with the acreage losses and fragmentation of them by 2004, subsequently, the decrease of the bird population and the transformation of spatial distribution happened. And it is concluded the spatial distribution changes of red crowned crane＇s nests could be a good indiacator for the change of suitable habitats in acreage and quality by the verification. The methods and conclusion could help in the biodiversity protection and habitat conservation for the administration.