亚热带和温带生态条件下水稻生长速率和产量的相关性研究

Relationship between rice growth ratio and yield under the subtropica and temperate zone

在亚热带生态环境下的云南省宾川县和温带环境下的韩国水原市,2002和2003年对中国和韩国筛选出的4个水稻(Oryza sativa)高产品种进行了生长速率和产量的相关性研究,结果表明:在亚热带和温带的两种生态条件下水稻品种的叶面积指数和收获指数相近,但亚热带生态条件下实际产量和生长速率分别比温带条件下高3.06t·hm-2和7.09g·m-2·d-1,产量高50.75%和生长速率高58.22%,差异达极显著水平。在亚热带条件下,移栽到移栽后20d、孕穗到抽穗的生长速率的增加能极显著提高水稻产量,以移栽到移栽后20d的生长速率影响最大,抽穗后20d生长速率的增加能增加水稻产量,但不显著。在施肥比例,基肥∶分蘖肥∶孕穗肥∶穗肥=0%∶50%∶30%∶20%的氮肥施用方式和稀植(30cm×14cm)条件下获得该生态区的最高产量和最大生长速率,分别为9.26t·hm-2、19.53g·m-2·d-1;在温带条件下,移栽到抽穗的生长速率的增加能显著提高水稻产量,以移栽后21d到孕穗的生长速率影响最大,抽穗后20d生长速率的增加反而减低水稻产量,但不显著,氮肥施用方式基肥∶分蘖肥∶孕穗肥∶穗肥=50%∶20%∶30%∶0%和密植(20cm×14cm)条件下获得该生态区的最高产量和最大生长速率,分别为6.31t·hm-2、12.00g·m-2·d-1。

The Crop growth ratio （CGR） and brown rice yield （BRY） of 4 high-yielding rice cultivars selected from Yunnan, China and Korea were analyzed in 2002 and 2003, under the subtropical area of Binchuan county of Yunnan province China and the temperate zone of Suwon, Korea. The results showed that the Leaf area index （LAI） and harvest index （HI） at subtropical environment were similar as that at temperate zone. However, the BRY and CGR of these varieties under subtropical area were respectively 3.06 t·hm^-2 （50.75%） and 7.09 g·m^-2·d^-1 （58.22%） higher, than that under temperate zone, which were up to a extremely significant level. When under the subtropical area, the increasing of CGR from transplant to 20 days after transplant and from booting stage to heading stage could extremely significant increase the BRY, especially between the phage of transplant and 20 days after transplant. And the increasing of BRY could also be affected by CGR increasing, but not be significant. In addition, under the subtropical area, the high- est BRY and CGR were 9.26 t·hm^-2 and 19.53 g·m^-2·d^-2 respectively when under such nitrogen fertilization pattern, which was： base fertilizer： tiller fertilizer： panicle initial fertilizer ： grain filled fertilizer = 0% ： 50% ： 30% ： 20%, and under a spare planting density of 30 cm by 14 cm. When under the temperate zone, the BRY could be affected significantly by the CGR increasing from transplant to heading stage, especially from 21 days after transplant to booting stage, while the BRY would be decreased according to the increasing of CGR at 20 days after heading, but not be significant. The highest BRY and CGR, which were 6.31 t.hm2 and 12.00 g·m^-2·d^-1 respectively under temperate zone, could be obtained under the nitrogen topdress of 50% of base fertilizer, 30% of tiller fertilizer, 20% of panicle initial fertilizer and no nitrogen of grain filled fertilizer and under a narrow planting density of 20 cm by 14 cm.