广州市海珠区2004—2008年围产儿死亡出生缺陷监测结果分析

Study on birth defects in the perinatal in Haizhu District of Guangzhou from 2004 to 2008

目的了解广州市海珠区围产儿死亡病例中发生出生缺陷的种类及分布情况，探讨出生缺陷对围产儿死亡的影响。方法数据来源于广州市各医院逐季上报的《围产儿数季报表》及汇总至省妇幼保健院的《出生缺陷登记卡》，本研究监测了2004年第四季度-2008年第三季度海珠区各所医院住院分娩孕28-W产后7d的围产儿死亡率和死亡围产儿中出生缺陷发生率。结果监测广州市海珠区5年中围产儿48268例，围产儿死亡病例555例，围产儿死亡率为11．5‰，同产儿死亡中发生出生缺陷的220例，出生缺陷发生率为36．64％，其中胎儿水肿综合征、唇腭裂、脑积水、先天性心脏病和四肢畸形排在死亡围产儿出生缺陷发生的前5位。结论出生缺陷是导致围产儿死亡的重要原因之一，应加强婚前生殖健康教育和医学检查，做好婚前保健，优生及孕产期保健，尽可能减少出生缺陷的发生。

Objective To investigate the types and distribution of perinatal death defects in Haizhu District of Guangzhou and look for of related factors birth defects. Methods The cases of perinatal were studied from the third quarter of 2004 to the third quarter of 2008 in most of hospitals in Haizhu District, The datas were from birth defects registration cards of Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangdong Province, which included the perinatal birth informations of every quarters from all hospitals. Results 48 248 cases of perinatal of Haizhu District were monitored in this study. There are 555 cases of perinatal death and the perinatal mortality rate was 11.5‰. There were 222 cases of perinatal birth defects of all perinatal deaths and the birth defect rate of perinatal death was 36.64%. Hydrops fetalis syndrome, cleft lip and palate, hydrocephalus, congenital heart disease and limb deformities are the top five defects in a variety of cases. Conclusion Birth defects is one of the major causes of perinatal death. It is important for us to promote reproductive health education and pre-maritai medical examination, enhance environmental awareness in pre-marital health, eugenic, and maternal health,which should minimize the occurrence of birth defects.