北京市居住用地出让的时空格局演变

Tempo-spatial analysis of the residential land's spatial pattern in Beijing

以1992~2006年间北京市五环内居住用地出让数据为基础,利用GIS空间分析方法,研究了北京市五环内居住用地的时间动态趋势和空间格局特征,并对CBD、中关村、奥运村等区域进行了重点分析。研究发现：①北京居住用地的出让数量、面积呈现不断增长态势,出让价格呈现＂扁平化＂发展趋势;②居住用地出让价格表现为＂北高南低＂、＂东高西低＂的空间特征,在出让数量和面积上存在＂北多南少、东多西少＂的空间差异;③出让地块集中区和高值区由中心向外扩展;④东西和南北轴线的竞租地价曲线以CBD和天桥为核心向两侧递减,并在一些区位条件优越的区段形成若干高值区。

Since the 1980s Chinese cities have experienced dramatic transformation of its land use system from free allocation toward a leasehold system.Recent literature has drawn attention to spatial features of land market in transitional Chinese cities,in comparison to its counterparts in advanced market economies.Nonetheless,research on this issue haven been limited by the lack of systematic data-especially spatial data-on land leasing parcels as well as other related data sources.Based on about 2600 residential land leasing parcel data from 1992 to 2006 and Beijing Digital City integrated data,this paper is processing general evaluation and actual description of the tempo-spatial characteristics of the residential lands＇ expansion since China launched the market-oriented land-leasing policy in 1992.The authors choose the spatial analysis methods with the aid of GIS,to evaluate the spatial pattern in the downtown area of Beijing.Generally speaking,the residential land market has a ＂Classic Concentric＂ overall pattern and an obvious spatial differentiation structure over time.In particular,we studied some major residential districts of Beijing including CBD,Zhongguancun,and Olympic-Park district etc.Based on the analysis,we found that：（1） The residential land-leasing market of Beijing showed a growing trend from 1992 to 2006,with the expansion of the residential lands＇ number,size,and the flat tendency of residential land price;（2） Residential land price showed a ＂North high-South low＂ spatial pattern,and residential land number and size showed an ＂East high-West low＂ spatial distribution structure;（3） The high residential land price sections extended from city center to the outside from 1992 to 2006 gradually;（4） The Tianqiao and CBD districts have become the highest residential land price sections of the North-South axis and the East-West axis,respectively.And the residential land price is relatively high in some districts with better locations.We believe our research would enrich the existing knowledge of the emerging urban land market in transitional China,and provide information for further land and housing policy making.