批评的功能性研究:空白和补阙

Functions of criticizing:gap and filling-up

批评是人类社会生活中一种特殊的言语行动方式,批评的功能可以划分为外显/同效功能和内隐/非同效功能两大范畴。对于前者,示意言行和成事言行、情感和(陪伴示意言行的)非言语信息是趋同的关系;对于后者,示意言行和成事言行、情感和非言语信息是趋异的关系。批评的内隐/非同效功能包括了明批评实赞扬和明赞扬实批评两个次范畴。

With a study of the gap of the functions of criticizing, the article suggests two categorizations in question： the explicit/concentric and the implicit/acentric, which embraces explicit criticizing （implicit praising） and explicit praising （implicit criticizing）. For the former converge the illocutionary act, perlocutionary act, affection and non-linguistic cues, and for the latter the perlocutionary act diverges from the illocutionary act, affection and non-linguistic cues.