黑皮果蔗茎尖脱毒不同代数种茎苗商品性能研究

Commercial Performances of Seedcanes in Different Generations of Virus-free Chewing Cane (Badila) from Shoot Apices

以黑皮果蔗茎尖脱毒第1代(处理A)、第2代(处理B)、第3代(处理C)种茎为材料,研究其商品性能生产表现情况。结果表明,脱毒果蔗不同代数种苗的月生长速度、株高、茎径、蔗茎产量与对照相比差异性均达极显著水平,其中,蔗株最高、茎径最粗、蔗茎产量最高等均为第2代种茎苗,分别比对照高41cm、粗0.25cm、增产41.1%;在品质方面,脱毒果蔗的水分含量较高,纤维分含量较低,糖分略低于对照;在外观品质方面,脱毒果蔗的节间长度、均匀度、色泽等均优于对照,由花叶病引起的花皮蔗株低于对照;脱毒果蔗易受外界花叶病毒的传染,随种植年限的增加,花叶病发病率提高;脱毒果蔗叶片的叶绿素含量、ATP酶活性提高;第1代种茎苗可栽培成商品蔗,但存在一定的组培效应,主要表现为蔗茎的侧芽较大,在光线条件较好的地方较易萌动。

Seedcanes of the first（Treatment A）,second（Treatment B）and third（Treatment C）generations derived from shoot apices of virus-free chewing cane ＇Badila＇（Saccharum officinarum Linn.＇Badila＇）were used as materials to evaluate their commercial and productive performances.The results showed that the virus-free seedcane treatments were highly significantly higher in monthly terms of growth rate,plant height,stalk diameter and cane yield than the control（traditional seedcane）,of which Treatment B performed the best in plant height,stalk diameter and cane yield,which were 41 cm,0.25 cm and 41.1% higher than those of the control,respectively.In quality characteristics,the virus-free seedcane treatments showed higher water content,lower fiber content and slightly higher sugar content than the control,while in appearance characteristics they were improved in internode length,uniformity and luster,and had lower disease incidences caused by mosaic disease than the control.The virus-free seedcane treatments also showed higher chlorophyll content and higher activities of both Ca2＋-ATPase and Mg2＋-ATPase in leaves than the control.The first generation of seedcanes showed some residual effects of tissue culture in that they produced bigger buds that were easier to germinate under better sunlight.