福建兰科植物地理成分与区系特点

Analysis of Geographical Composition and Floristic Features of Orchidaceae in Fujian Province

福建兰科植物共有61属134种(包括中国特有种29种),其中地生兰37属79种,附生兰22属50种,腐生兰4属5种,兰属和羊耳蒜属存在有地生和附生2种生活型。区系地理分析表明,本区61属兰科植物可分为11个分布区型和4个变型,其中热带亚洲(印度-马来西亚)分布型及其变型属最多,共22属,占总属数的36.0%;本区134种兰科植物则可分为11个分布区型和3个变型,其中热带亚洲(印度-马来西亚)分布型最多,共有30种,占总种数的22.4%;其次为中国特有分布型,共有27种,占总种数的20.1%。虽然属、种的区系地理成分复杂多样,但区系整体与热带亚洲区系关系密切,热带成分占绝对优势,并受到北温带植物区系影响,而与温带亚洲、地中海、西亚和中亚植物区系几乎没有联系;区系发生年代较为年轻,区系过渡带特征明显;区域分布不均,单种属、寡种属占优势,种内变异大。

The orchid flora in Fujian Province consists of 61 genera and 134 species（including 29 species native to China）with 37 terrestrial,22 epiphytic,4 saprophytica genera（Cymbidium and Lipiras have the life forms of both terrestrial and epiphytic species,respectively）and 79 terrestrial,50 epiphytic,5 saprophytica species.Geological analysis of the orchid flora showed orchid plants under 61 genera in this floristic region could be divided into 11 types and 4 subtypes,of which the tropical Asian（Indo-Malesian）type with its subtype is the most abundant,comprising 22 genera or 36.0% of all local wild orchid genera.The 134 species of the orchid plants could be divided into 11 types and 3 subtypes,of which the tropical Asian（Indo-Malesian）type was the most abundant,containing 30 species or 22.4% of the whole species;China type contained 27 species,or 20.1% of the whole species.Although the composition of the geographical area of the genera and species is complex and diverse,the whole flora in this area has close relationship with the tropical Asian flora,with the tropical component being dominant in the flora,and is also influenced by the flora of the north temperate zone,but is almost not related to the flora of the temperate Asia,the Mediterranean,the West Asia or the Central Asia.The flora appearing relatively late is quite young,and has an obvious characteristic of the transitional zone.It is unevenly distributed in this region,and contains dominant genera of a single species or just a few species with a large interspecific variation.