池塘系统在农村面源污染防治中的应用

Application of pond system to control non-point pollution in rural area

农村生活污水是农村面源污染的重要来源。通过为期1年的农村污水水质监测,研究松花坝水源区建立池塘系统对农村污水的净化效果。结果表明:1)池塘系统对铵氮、总氮、总磷的输出具有较好的控制效果,最高去除速率分别为3.78、4.20、1.06 g/(m2.d),最大去除率分别为88.35%、79.28%、86.49%;2)由于硝化和反硝化作用同时存在,硝态氮的含量变化不能准确地反映池塘对硝态氮的去除效果;3)池塘系统对污染物的去除效果与污染物的输入速率呈负相关关系。研究结果可为松华坝水源区农村面源污染治理提供一定的理论依据。

The domestic sewage discharge is the important source of non-point pollution in rural area. To purify domestic sewage from rural area, pond system were constructed in downstream of domestic sewage rout to test the effect of treatment by pond system. Field monitoring were conducted and lasted more than a year. The result showed： 1 ） the pond system can control the outputs of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, the corresponding decreasing value were 3.78, 4.20 and 1.06 g/（ m^2· d） , respectively. The decreasing rate of ammonia nitrogen is provided with the best performance, with an average rate of 88.35%. the next are total nitrogen and total phosphorus, with the decreasing rate of 79.28% and 86.49%. 2） the variance content of nitric nitrogen was not an criteria for decreasing by pond system owing to the coincidence of denitrification and nitrification. 3） the corretation between the purifing effects and input rate of pollutions is negative. The results can provide a theoretical basis for rural non-point source pollution control of the same area.