北京奥运交通规划与组织经验

Transportation Planning and Management for the Beijing Olympic Games

总结北京奥运会筹备和运行期间交通规划和组织经验,可以为其他大型赛事活动提供借鉴。从奥运交通需求特征出发,探讨奥运交通需求与背景交通需求的兼容性和差异性。重点阐述奥运交通规划体系的构成,分析目标层、总体规划层、具体专项规划层、奥运专项规划层4个规划层级的内容及相互关系,指出奥运交通规划体系集成的必要性。以奥运会开幕式观众散场为例,介绍了疏散组织方案和道路管控措施,10万人疏散仅用时75min。总结了奥运交通需求管理方案及实施前期的准备工作。方案实施后,削减机动车流量20%,城市日常出行量仅减少10%,对城市日常出行影响较小。最后,介绍了奥运交通风险评估对规划的修正和补充情况。

The practice of transportation planning and traffic management at the Beijing Olympic Games provides valuable lessons for future large special events. Presenting the unique characteristics of Olympic travel demand, this paper discusses the similarities and differences between traffic generated by the Games and traffic of daily commuting, and emphasizes the structure of the transportation planning system for the Games. While emphasizes the necessity of planning system integration, this paper discusses the activities at the four planning levels： objective level, general planning level, specific planning level, and Olympic special planning level. Taking the evacuation traffic after the opening ceremony as an example, the paper introduces the evacuation routes, traffic management and control measures, which made the evacuation of 0.1 million spectators in 75 minutes. By presenting the pre-Games preparation work in traffic planning and control, the paper points out a 20% reduction in motorized traffic and 10% reduction in daily commuting traffic as a results of the plan implementation. Finally, the paper discusses the adjustment and supplement of transportation risk assessment on Olympic transportation planning.