从德性政治到威权政治(上)——谈董仲舒在儒学转型中的作用

From Morality Politics to Authoritarian Politics(Ⅰ)——On Dong Zhongshu's Role in Confucianism Transformation

作为"百家争鸣"的一部分,原始儒学是由孔子创立,经孔门弟子后学继承发展,体现了倡仁礼、重修身、重教化的德性政治光芒。而到汉朝,儒学与君权逐步结合,特别是汉武帝颁布"罢黜百家、独尊儒术"后,儒学由民间学术一跃成为官方学术,内容发生了质的转变,纲纪观念浓重,呈现出强烈的威权政治色彩。西汉儒生在儒学的这一转型过程中,发挥了重要的作用。董仲舒作为其中的一员,为使儒学更好地适应汉代政治,对儒学做出了新的改造,使儒学呈现出新的特点。

As a part of ＂a hundred schools of thought contend＂, the original Confucianism, founded by Confucius and then inherited and developed by his disciples, reflects the flame of morality politics which advocates courtesy and benevolence and emphasizes morality cultivation. But in Han Dynasty, Confucianism, combined gradually with monarchical power, especially after the implementation of ＂hundreds ousted, the dominant Confucianism＂ by Han Emperor Wu, became the official scholarism instead of personnel science. The content has undergone qualitative changes in the concept of a strong discipline which reflects the powerful authoritarian political character. Confucian scholars played a great role in the process of Confucianism transformation. Dong Zhongshu, as one of the scholars, brought a new alternation to it that made Confucianism preferably adapt to the politics of Han Dynasty.