中美大都市人口空间演变与城郊冲突比较研究——以上海为例

A Comparative Study on the Changing Population Spatial Pattern and the Resultant Inner-city and Suburb Conflicts Between American Metropolises and China’s Metropolises: the Case of Shanghai

本文分别对中、美大都市区人口空间演变及其所引发的城郊冲突进行了总结。二战以来的人口郊区化浪潮导致美国大都市区城郊之间出现政治、经济冲突,并出现社会空间失衡等社会问题。以上海为代表的中国若干大城市也出现了类似的人口郊区化趋势,并在郊区引发了弱势群体集聚、财政压力增大、社会管理面临新挑战、产业定位与劳动力素质不匹配等问题。同时,本文重点对比分析了中美大都市区人口郊区化动力机制、人口空间演变引发的城郊经济社会变动、大都市城郊冲突治理背景。研究表明,应该反思城市发展战略与规划的指导理念,为发挥先进治国理念对城市发展战略与规划的指导作用,政府必须要积极作为,提出各类相关制度改革措施,确保各利益群体参与城市规划与空间布局调整的权力。

The present study summarizes the changing population spatial pattern and the resultant conflicts between the city and its suburbs in both China＇ s metropolises and American metropolises. Suburbanization wave, since World War Ⅱ , resulted in political and economic conflicts between the inner-city and its suburbs, and brought about social problems like spatial imbalance in the U.S.. The study found similar suburbanization trend and the resultant negative results in Shanghai, China. Among the challenges faced by suburban areas are the concentration of disadvantaged people, increasingly severe financial pressure, new tasks in administration, mismatch between employment opportunities and qualified labors. In addition, the present study compares China＇ s metropolises with American metropolises in three aspects, suburbanization mechanism, the resultant socio-economic changes of both the inner-city and its suburbs, and the context of governance in conflicts between the inner-city and its suburbs. It is indicated that the reflection on urban-planning ideas is imperative, the government should be more active in institute reforming, and the right of various interest groups to participate in urban planning should be ensured.