高温高湿环境下战创伤创面模型的建立

Establishment of Tissue Defect Models with Explosive Injury in Pigs in a Hot and Humid Environment

目的建立高温高湿环境下猪战伤后创面的动物模型,以供对爆炸伤引起的战伤慢性创面病理生理以及修复治疗进行研究。方法选用藏香猪8头,采用KTY-08型瞬发纸质雷管的爆炸源模拟爆炸冲击波,制作猪的两侧臀部战创伤创面,共计16个创面。致伤后随机分为两组,即常温常湿组(对照组):气温(Ta)(22.0±0.5)℃,相对湿度(RH)50%;高温高湿组:Ta(39.0±0.5)℃,RH80%～85%。每组4只,观察伤后不同时间段创面的大体、病理切片变化及创面愈合时间。结果创面大小平均为(6.0±0.9)cm×(6.5±1.2)cm×(1.5±0.3)cm,12h后高温高湿组较常温常湿组创面明显扩大,有感染征象,第21天时创面愈合率为0,第28天时愈合率为12.5%(1/8)。常温常湿组24h后出现明显感染,第21天后创面完全愈合,愈合率100%。结论藏香猪臀部战创伤创面模型创面面积大,未伤及骨组织,动物可长期存活,且皮肤结构及创面愈合与人类相似,是高温高湿环境下良好的战创伤创面动物模型。

Objective To establish an animal model of combat trauma in pigs in a humid and hot environment for pathophysiological study in repair of chronic battle wound. Methods Eight Tibet minipigs were randomly divided into two equal groups： a group in the normal temperature and humidity environment （control group, atmospheric temperature 22.0 ± 0. 5 ℃ and 50% relative humidity） and a group in the high temperature and humidity environment （atmospheric temperature 39. 0 ± 0. 5 ℃ and 80%-85% relative humidity）. The animal models with explosive injury were established in the soft tissues in both buttocks of pigs by using the explosion of KTY-08 paper detonator. The gross and pathological changes of the wound at different time points and the healing time were observed. Results The wound surface in the hot and humid group changed obviously with signs of putrefaction and infection 12 hours after the injury. For the control group such signs were observed 24 hours after the injury. The healing rate in the control group was 100%. But in the hot and humid group the healing rate was 0% 21 days after the injury, and 12. 5% （1/8） 28 days after the injury. Conclusion Tibet minipigs may has enough wound area and no bone injury, and could survive long terrn. Their skin structure and wound healing are similar to those of humanity, therefore the animal model could be used for the theoretical and clinic research of explosive injury under various environments.