略论先秦时期庶人姓氏之有无

Discussion on Commoner's Surname during the Pre-Qin

长久以来,学者囿于"五帝之世民无姓,贵而为官者始有姓"以及"氏所以别贵贱,贵者有氏,贱者有名无氏"的观点,先秦时期的庶人没有姓氏的说法几成盖棺定论。但是,通过仔细分析,我们发现先秦时期的"姓氏"并不仅仅只是"世官世邑"的贵族们的特权。先秦时期的庶人与贵族虽然在社会地位及经济地位上存在差别,但是两者共同生活在同样的社会发展模式中,有着共同的文化心理,有着相似或者说是相同模式的血缘组织,因此在作为家族组织的标志的"姓"和"氏"上也不会有太大的差异,庶人阶层也是有姓和氏的。

For a long time, scholars held the same ideas that ＂the commoners have no surnames, while the noble and the officers have＂ and ＂surname is the only criteria of telling the noble from the humble＂. This is a verdict. However, based on analyzing the Pre-Qin period, it was found that ＂surname/family name＂ not only belonged to the officers and the nobles, but belonged to the cmmoners because they lived in the same society, had the common cultural psychology, and had a similar or identical modes of organization.