定桨距风力发电机在桨叶深失速区运行研究

Research on Fixed-Pitch Wind Turbine Running in Blade Deep Stall Regime

定桨距风力发电机结构简单、成本较低,在恒速运行时主要依靠失速性能来调节输出功率。为了进一步提高该型风力发电机的输出功率,需要研究其在叶片深失速区内变速运行,实现在低风速区的最大风能跟踪和高风速区的恒功率控制,从而具有与变桨距变速风力发电机相媲美的功率特性。本文采用鲁棒P ID控制器设计转速控制系统,其动态响应特性符合设计要求。实验结果表明,定桨距变速风力发电机能够在设计风速范围内稳定运行,其变速控制系统具有良好的动态响应特性,依靠变速控制系统能够实现低风速区的最大风能跟踪和高风速区的恒功率控制。

Fixed-pitch wind turbines have advantages of simple structure and lower cost. In the case of constant turbine speed, the turbines change their output power by stall characteristics of blades. To increase the output power of the turbines, the characteristics of blades in deep stall regime are studied. The new turbines are called the fixed-pitch variable speed wind turbines （FPVSWTs）. They can work for maximum power point tracking（MPPT） at the low wind speed and for constant power control at the high wind speed with a speed control system. Therefore, FPVSWTs have the similar power characteristics of fixed-pitch wind turbines. A robust PID controller is designed to control the speed of FPVSWT. Experimental results show that FPVSWT with the robust PID controller can work stably in different wind speed stations and has good dynamic characteristics. Thus, FPVSWT can work well both for MPPT at the low wind speed and for the constant power control at the high wind speed.